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Citrus, herbs, and a good long soak—this is the best turkey brine recipe and the reason your turkey comes out tender and juicy every time, no fuss, no fail. Once you make it, you won’t roast a bird without it. Great for the holidays!
I can promise you that a good turkey brine is the single best insurance policy for a Thanksgiving turkey. Here’s the science: salt water slowly breaks down the meat’s protein strands, tenderizing it while boosting moisture retention and flavor absorption. So even if the bird spends a few extra minutes in the oven, it comes out juicy, not dry. As a bonus, the drippings left behind make a deeply savory base for gravy. Suddenly the turkey isn’t just an obligation next to the sides—it’s the thing everyone’s actually excited about. (Imagine!)
Ready to put this brine to work? Try it with my oven-roasted turkey breast or the air fryer turkey breast for something faster (fantastic for smaller families). Brining something smaller? Here’s how to brine chicken breasts.
Table of Contents
Why Brine Turkey?
- It’s forgiving: run a few minutes over on roasting time, and the turkey stays juicy anyway. The brine builds in a margin for error, so there’s no more agonizing over dry breast meat.
- The results speak for themselves: people don’t just like this turkey. They tell me it’s ruined every other turkey for them. The comments section will back me up.
- The gravy practically makes itself: a brined turkey yields deeply savory drippings, so you end up with the best pan gravy of your life with zero extra work.
- There’s no skill involved: dissolve, cool, dunk, wait. That’s the whole process.
Ingredients at a Glance
A quick look at some of the essentials before we dive into the recipe.
- Apple cider (juice, NOT vinegar): my go-to liquid base for turkey brine because it’s SO flavorful. You can also use apple juice, or just plain water.
- Citrus fruit: oranges and lemons brighten the brine’s flavor.
- Fresh herbs & spices: one or two of those pre-packaged bouquets of poultry herbs (fresh thyme, rosemary, sage, and parsley) will do the trick.
- Coarse kosher salt: Morton’s is my go-to and is easy to find here in the US. Don’t use table salt because it’s iodized and will give your turkey an off-taste—almost metallic.
- Brown sugar: takes the edge off the salt, helps the surface caramelize into a deep, browned crust, and adds a little depth from the molasses.
Useful Equipment
- A brining container: the size depends on what you’re brining. A large stock pot works fine for a breast. For a whole turkey, you’ll need something deeper—a brining bucket or a brining bag.
- Liners: if you’re using a brining bucket, bucket liners make cleanup much easier.
- Hand protection: food-safe gloves are worth having on hand when you’re working with raw meat.
- Disinfectant: clean your sink and the surrounding area thoroughly once you’re done—I rely on this surface cleaner.
- Meat thermometer: roast the turkey until a meat thermometer reads 160°F in the thickest part of the breast and the innermost parts of the thigh and wing.
Turkey Brine Formula: Whole Bird vs Breast
For a Whole Bird
- Time: 12-24 hours
- Salt & liquid: 1/2 cup Morton Coarse Kosher salt per gallon of liquid.
For a Turkey Breast
- Time: 3-8 hours
- Salt & liquid: 1 cup of Morton Coarse Kosher Salt per gallon of liquid.
Why More Salt for a Shorter Brine?
Salt moves into meat by diffusion, so the stronger the brine, the faster it penetrates. With only 4-5 hours, you need that higher concentration to get enough salt in before time’s up. Over 14 hours, though, that same strength would oversalt the meat, so you dilute it, giving the salt more time to spread evenly without turning the texture spongy or the flavor too aggressive.
Step-by-Step: How to Brine a Turkey
Step 1: Make the Brine Base
Pour 8 cups of cider or water into a large saucepan. Add the salt and sugar, and bring to a boil. Once boiling, reduce to a simmer and let it go, stirring occasionally, until the salt and sugar dissolve. When done, set it aside and let the liquid cool completely. (You can speed this up by adding ice.)
Step 2: Add the Aromatics/Flavors
Transfer the cooled brine to a brining container, then add the remaining cider or water, along with garlic cloves, herbs, and peppercorns. Squeeze the juice from the oranges and lemons into the pot (don’t worry about the pits), then add the squeezed oranges and lemons to the pot as well.
Step 3: Brine the Turkey
Slowly and carefully submerge the turkey in the brine (careful, the liquid level will rise). Cover and refrigerate for an hour per pound.
Step 4: Rinse the Turkey
When the brining time is up, carefully transfer the turkey to the sink. (I line mine with plastic grocery bags to try and keep things more sanitary. You could also use plastic wrap.) Carefully but thoroughly rinse the turkey with low water pressure to avoid splashback. This will rinse off excess salt. If you skip rinsing, you will end up with a too-salty turkey.
Step 5: Cook the Turkey
After the rinse, pat the turkey dry with paper towels and transfer it to a cooking vessel, like a roasting pan or casserole dish. You can now prepare it and season it with a rub or an under-the-skin compound butter. This brining process works great if you’re planning on a smoked turkey, too!
Tips From My Kitchen
I make mistakes so that you don’t have to! Here are some things I’ve learned while testing this recipe…
- Choose food-grade plastic, glass, or stainless steel for a brining container: acid and salt react with aluminum, copper, and cast iron, giving the meat a metallic taste.
- If you only have fine salt: because fine salt packs more tightly into a measuring cup than coarse kosher salt, only use 3/4 cup to avoid more sodium than the recipe intends.
- Rinse the turkey after brining: this rids of surface salt, sugar, or loose herbs and peppercorns that could burn or leave the skin too salty.
- Pat the turkey dry and set it in the fridge, uncovered, for a few hours, up to overnight: wet or damp meat steams instead of searing. Letting the exterior dry out ensures a nice crisp exterior.
Substitutions
- Different liquid bases: I love using apple cider for flavor, but you can use water, beer, wine, broth, or orange juice, depending on the flavor profile you’re after.
- Flavors: In addition to herbs and citrus, you could throw in apples, onions, and celery, too.
- White sugar: You can use this instead of brown, but I highly recommend brown sugar for the deeper flavor.
Make Ahead & Storage Tips
Make it in advance: you can store unused brine made with salt and water alone in the refrigerator indefinitely. With apple cider, herbs, or aromatics like garlic and citrus, it will last up to two weeks. Discard used turkey brine—you cannot reuse it.
Use Turkey Brine With These Recipes
Turkey: Air Fryer Turkey Breast, Oven-Roasted Turkey Breast
Chicken: Roasted Spatchcocked Chicken. With chicken breasts, you can use a very unfussy method. Check out my tutorial on how to brine chicken breasts.
Troubleshooting
This usually means there isn’t enough liquid to fully dissolve the salt during the simmer in step 1. Bring at least 8 cups of liquid to a simmer rather than 4—liquid can only hold so much dissolved material before it hits its limit and stops absorbing more.
A few likely culprits: the meat was labeled “enhanced,” “self-basting,” or “kosher,” which means it already contains added sodium. Brining it on top of that pushes it too far. It’s also possible the brine sat too long (past 24 to 48 hours) or the surface salt wasn’t rinsed off before cooking.
You can! Make sure your brine is cold, so refrigerate it before adding the turkey. This is a great way to thaw and brine your turkey in one shot to save time.
Best Turkey Brine Recipe
Ingredients
- 1 14 lb turkey, giblets and neck removed
- 2 gallons liquid (apple cider is my preferred choice; water also works)
- 1 cup coarse kosher salt or good quality coarse sea salt, See tips below on measuring this
- 1 cup brown sugar
- 8 cloves of garlic, smashed
- 2 oranges, juiced and halved
- 2 lemons, juiced and halved
- 4 tablespoon peppercorns
- 4 bay leaves
- Handful of fresh herbs like rosemary, thyme, sage, and parsley.
Instructions
- Transfer 8 cups of cider or water to a saucepan.
- Add the salt and sugar to the saucepan, bring to a boil, then lower to a simmer. Simmer, stirring occasionally, until the salt and sugar dissolve. When done, set it aside and let the liquid cool completely. (You can speed this up by adding ice.)
- Place your brining container into the sink. Pour the cooled brine into your brining container, then add the remaining cider. Squeeze the juice from the oranges and lemons into the brine before adding the fruits themselves to the brine. Finally, add the other aromatics, such as the garlic, onions, fresh herbs, and peppercorns.
- Slowly and carefully submerge the turkey in the brine (the liquid level will rise; you can pour off excess into the sink if needed).
- Cover and refrigerate (for a large, whole turkey, 12-24 hours; for a turkey breast, 3-8 hours).
- When the brining time is up, carefully transfer the turkey to the sink (see notes). Carefully remove the turkey from the container and rinse it thoroughly under low water pressure to avoid splashback. This will rinse off excess salt. If you skip rinsing, your turkey will be too salty.
- After the rinse, pat the turkey dry with paper towels.
If Air-Drying the Turkey
- Set the turkey onto a platter or large plate and put it in the fridge, uncovered, for 12-24 hours.
If Cooking Immediately
- Transfer the turkey to a cooking vessel. Now season it and prepare it as you normally would.
Brine done now I’m lost what to season the bird with when cooking since comments say it’ll be salty enough from brine. Would appreciate any suggestions and should I add butter/oil?
You can still season your bird. Honestly, after the brining process, you can treat the bird as you normally would. It’s fine to oil it or butter it and season it because you rinse the turkey. The brine will leave some saltiness within, but you still have room for a seasoning. Here’s a rub I use for my air fryer turkey breast, which I always brine, and it works nicely. You might want to do a double batch for a large bird. Hope this helps!
1/2 tsp ground dried sage
1/2 tsp dried thyme
1/2 tsp sea salt
1/2 tsp cracked black pepper
1/4 tsp dried marjoram
1/4 tsp dried rosemary
1/8 tsp ground nutmeg
Boiling my salt and sugar in apple cider and it’s taking forever for the salt to dissolve. It’s almost like it’s crystallizing? Is that normal or will it dissolve completely?
Coarse salt takes longer to dissolve. If you find it’s taking too long, honestly, you should still be good. The salt will still be enough to penetrate the meat! Let me know how it goes :)
Same! Been boiling for 20 minutes now and still have gobs and gobs of salt at the bottom of my saucepan. Meanwhile the volume of cider is slowly decreasing.
Just take it off the heat and proceed. You should be fine—you’ll still have all of that salt.
So come to find out my turkey I think is pre-brined aka it has ingredients listed other than just turkey (honeysuckle brand). Can I just omit the salt?
Hi Elizabeth, if your turkey is already brined then there’s no need to do anything else, assuming it’s already seasoned too. If you omit the salt from this brine recipe you’re really just letting your turkey sit in liquid for no reason.
Hmm I was hoping to have more than turkey broth, salt, sugar and whatever they call natural flavoring in the bird :D Well shoot I already mixed up my cider and water. I was going to have to have it sit in water anyway due to for some reason this 14 lb bird I pulled out Sunday is still more frozen then I’d like to start with in the morning. Thanks for your super responses the day before Thanksgiving!
Haha, you never know what that “natural flavoring” is! No problem, Elizabeth. Happy to help. Thanksgiving is a big deal! So I’m trying to keep on top of responses as quickly as I can. I hope your bird is delicious and I hope you have a fantastic Thanksgiving :)
Thank you and Happy Thanksgiving!!!
Hello how long should I brine a 25 lb fresh turkey???
About 24 hours should be good.
Can you fry this turkey in an infrared fryer?
Hi Bob! You sure can. Once you’re done brining just rinse the bird off well, pat it dry, and season it up like you normally would. From there you can you any method of cooking you please. Hope you enjoy!
Hello, what’s the worst that can happen if I brine for more that 18 hours? I have to work and I’ll have to did the brine for about 24 to 30 hours.
Being in it too long can yield in too much saltiness and a spongy texture to your meat. If you’re not ready to roast the bird after 18 hours, you can remove it from the brine and give it a good rinse it, pat it dry, and refrigerate for up to two days! I hope that helps.
Can this brine be used to smoke the turkey as well?
Absolutely! This works wonderfully for a smoked turkey.
What if my salt didn’t fully dissolved when I heat it up? I tried boiling it again, but it is still the same. I don’t know what to do.
Hi Kathy! Larger salt crystals, like with coarse salt, do take longer to dissolve. But you should be fine with the salt stirred in. I say go for it! I imagine the liquid is salty enough and you’ll be good. Let me know how it goes!
Omgoodness I have my turkey in the brine but it’ll be in it 36 hours. I just read that it’s to long. Will it mess my turkey up?
Hi Tara, how many lbs is your turkey?
16lbs
Ok, see my other comment to you. It can be saved, haha.
In any case you can totally remove the turkey from the brine once the recommended time is up, rinse it, pat it dry, and pop it in the fridge for up to two days. It’ll work out :)
Is this apple cider vinegar we are rising or apple cider sweet?
Sweet apple cider, like the juice. Definitely not apple cider vinegar.
Could we substitute apple cider vinegar for apple cider for this recipe and just use less than the recipe calls for and the rest water?
I’d just use a cup or two of apple cider vinegar (1 cup per one gallon of water). I’ve never tried it myself, though. Let me know if you try it!